ȭ, ȭ ׸ 뵿

ä (ѱ뵿̷å μ)

ó  'ȭ', 'ȭ'  ô ȭη Ǿ ְ, Ư ں  ̵÷α׵ ڶ ȭ Ǿ ִ. ׵  ȭ ׸ ȭ ؼ η ġ  ο, ι̴      ȯ ɰ, ٸ  ׷  ùμ, Ȥ ׷ 迡  ؼ, 츮   ο Թ ƾ Ѵٴ ޽  ݺ ϰ ִ. ̶  ο Թ Թڴ   'ȭ''ȭ' å ϰ ִ ں̴.
ں ̷  翬 ǽ̴. װ 뵿ڵ ()  ̵÷α⿡ ӽŰ ̸, ׷  ̵÷α⸦ ؼ 뵿ڰ  ȸϸ鼭  شȭϷ ̴.
 'ȭ' ׸ 'ȭ' и ں ؼ ǰ ִ. ׷ װ ں ؼ 뵿 ؼ   ǿ ȿ  ִ.   ǿ ȿ ľϰ, װ  κ 뵿ڰ ع ؼ ̿ϴ ̾߸, 'ȭ', 'ȭ' Ͽ 츮 ־ ̴.

 ⿡  μ ȭȭ

ó 'ȭ', 'ȭ' ġ ֱ ο  Ȥ  ó θ ǰ , װ  ֱ  Ȥ  ƴϴ. ̱ (Paul M. Sweezy) ֱٿ  ó, װ͵ ںü 翡  ̷  ӵǰ ִ ̴. ںǴ   ׸ ܿ Ȯϴ ü, ѹ Ѹ  ϰ Ȯȴ.(1) ׸ ű⿡ ż ߴ, 롤ۼ ߴް Ҿ,   Ѵ.
, 츮 ֱٿ 'ȭ', 'ȭ' ؼ  , װ  Ư ǹ̸  ִ. װ ָ Ž ö󰡸 1970, ׸ Ư 1980 Ĺ Ŀ ȭǰ ִ ʱں Ȱ, ׸ 70  ȭǰ ֱٿ ӵ ǰ ִ 'б' ֿ μ ''  ں ̿ Ų. ȭ Ư   Ⱓ  ̶ Ÿ  μ 蹫ⱸ(WTO)   Ȯ 帧 Ǿ, ׿    ǰӸ ƴ϶ ȭ, ں, ׸   ƿ츣 ü 'ǰ' '' ο  Թ ڸ  ִ. ư, ֱ   ο ǻͿ ι ް ޵ 'ȭ' ο ǰ ϰ ִ.
׷ ֱٿ ̷ ȭ ׸ ȭ ȭŰ  ϱ? 
װ 忡  ȭ  ȭ̴. װ 1970 ߹  ȭ  ְ ֱ 1980 Ĺ  ް ǰ ִ ׻̴.   ؼ, װ 1970 ߹  Ӱ ϰ ֱٿ ް ȭǾ  ִ ں ׻ ׸  ̴. ں ȭ ׸ ȭ ں   ⿡  ں  ̴. ׷ ǹ̿ 'ȭ' Ȥ 'ȭ' ں  ̵÷α׵ ڶ ȭ  ׵ ϰ ִ  ǥ װ Ϸ Ȱ ̴.
ϴ ó,    ں 꿡 ϴ  ʿ ̴. ں ȸ ,  () ؼ Ӿ ڱ ޾Ƽ, ϰ ȮǴ  ´. ׷, Ȱ ڱ,    뵿ڵ ӱ ﴩ. ׸Ͽ  ȮǴ  ʿ 뵿ڰ ѵ Һ 浹ϰ ȴ.  , ()ں Ȥ (ު)ں ȸ 'һȲ' ݴ, ں  '׻Ȳ'̶ Ҹ.
̷  Һ  ں    ȹ 19⿡ ̸  μ, ֱ Ͽ. ׸   ϰ ں  ȭ    ȭ 1930뿡 ̸ ׻̰   Ͽ.
''̳ Ÿ   å ܿ ؼ  1930  ⸦ غ  . װ  õ θ ϰ û ı ʷ 2  ؼ غ  ־. ׸  1960 'ȣȲ'  鿡   ı  ̾. ׷  'ȣȲ'  1970뿡   ⸦ ٽ ҷ Դ.
ƹư   ⸦ ߵ  ؼ ں  ׸ ܿ  Ȱ  ȭϰ ִ.   ں ֿ  ڿ  һ ް Ҹϰ, ޱ ؼҼ  ںް ټ  뵿ڰ ȭ Ǿ  ִ.     ں  Ȯǰ ħϰ , ÿ 谡 Ҽ    ټ   Ȥ , ׸     ںް   뵿ڰ  ִ.
׻ Ϲȭϰ ȭǸ鼭 ں ﵵ ȭǰ ں  ں Ż ȮǾ . ̶,  Ƿ  СŻ  Ѵٸ, 뵿 ȭ, 뵿꼺 , ׸ Ư  ȿ  ο 꼳  ׵ ں  ֿ ̴. ׸ ̾߸  ֱٿ б ް ׸  Ǵ°  ش. б, ׸  Ϻ μ ȭ ȸ ٷ ں   깰 ̴.

뵿  μ ȭȭ

ȭ ȭ ں   ⿡  ں ̱  翬 뵿    ֿ  ϳ Ѵ. ̰͵ Ƿμ Ÿ ִ.
     ڸ ؿ ,  ں  ؿ , Ư Ƴ ƾ Ƹ޸ī  ӱ  ̴.    ̳߱ Ʈ  (Export Processing Zone) 忡 ϴ 뵿 ӱ   $35.-  $45.-(32õ   4 5õ ) Ұϰ, ߽ڿ ̱  뿡 ִ ̸ 󵵶(maquiladora) ӱݵ Ϸ  $3.50 - $4.-( 3õ   4õ )  Ұϴ.(2)  ں     üμ 'ȭ'  ε, װ ̸ 'ȭ ',  Ÿ  ؼ ޹ħǰ ִ.   Ÿ  ÿ,  , λ꿡 ִ  ѱ ȸ ̱ εǴ ȭ û޾Ƽ ʸ Ҷ ٱ ִ 忡,  ðӱ 뵿 ̿Ͽ,   ִ. 
ڸ  翬 ⱹ ڸ Ҹ ǹѴ. Ϲ(NAFTA) ȿ(1994)  ̱  , ̱ 뵿ε 121,937 뵿ڰ NAFTA ؼ ذǾ ϰ ִ.(3)   ڴ ׺ ξ  .(4)
̷ ڸ  ڸ ̴  ġ ʰ,   ı, ðӱ 뵿    뵿 ȭ ̾. 뵿ڵ  ϰų ӱλ, 뵿ð   뵿  䱸ϸ, Ǿ   ̿Ͽ " ϰڴ"   䱸 ȭŰ ̴.(5)
׷ ڸ ,  ں  ԵǴ   âѴٰ Ѵٸ,   װ ̴. ϴ , 밳 , װ  '뵿' 쿡,  꿡 ؼ    ־ ׵  ް ıϱ ̴. NAFTA ȿ  1995  ؿ ߽ڿ 1鸸  ̻ Ǿڰ      ̴.
б ȭ ̸ '뵿 ' Ȥ '뵿 ' Ű  ʸ Ѵ. '뵿 ' Ȥ '뵿 ' Ųٴ   ־ ð 뵿̳ ӽ 뵿  ҿ  Ű, ÿ 뵿 Ű  ǹѴ.  ҿ뵵 Ȯ ' α' Ȥ '' ϸ鼭,   ʿ  뵿 ȭŰ  ϰ ִ.(6)
׷ ұϰ, Ư , ڵ  ȸڵ , "뵿()  Ű ̾߸  Ǿ ̴ ȿ ̴"  ɽ ʰ  ִ.  ̰ ڹ · Ÿ    1  ,  ǥ ׸  ǥ   'ڸ  ִ   ' ̴. ݳ Ѽ ¸ '  ' ϰ ߴ  뵿,  ȸ絵 ⺻ ̷ 콺ν  ϰ ִ. ̴  ȸǶ, Ϲ  ޸, 뵿ڰ ӿ  ں ̵÷α   ִ ϳ ̴. ں ̵÷αⰡ Ⱦϴ ѱ "뵿() ȭ  Ǿ ذ!"̶  鸮   ̻  ƴϴ.
ó ȭ  ǥǴ б 뵿ڰ޿ ġ ִ ǿ  ϴ 뷮Ǿ̴.  ȭ Ȥ ڵȭ  뵿  Դ.  װ κ Ȥ ̾ , ׿ ؼ ü Ȥ Ǵ 뵿   Ը Ȯ뿡 ؼ ǰų  Ը Ȯ뿡  뵿 ߰䰡 װ ɰߴ. ׷, ó ް Ǵ б  ϴ ڵȭ ü̴. Ư   ڵȭ  帣 ̸ ָ鼭   '0' '1'  ٴ   鼭  ڵȭ  ְ,  'λ'   ְ ϰ ִ. ̷  , Ȥ  뵿   뵿 ü ȸ   Ȯ  ִ ô밡 ƴ϶  ׻ ô뿡, Ȥ ٷ ׷ ô̱  Ͼ ִ.
ʿ ֿ ں  Ǿ ϰ,  ϰ ְ, ٶ ȸ  븳 ϰ ִ. 

ȭȭ ѱ ľ

ں 뵿ڰ޿    ߴ ۳ ʿ, ں ϰ ϴ  ߸ü  ȭ ȸ    ͵  쿬 ġ ƴϾ ̴.
ȭ ȸ  ν ǻͳ Ÿ ű  Ȯϴ ,  ׵ ñ⿡   âϴ    ̾ ̴. ׷ ׵ ȭ ȸ  ü ߴ޷ 谡 ϰ ϳ  ϵȴٴ ȭ  ·μ, ׵ ġ ȭ ȸ 弱󿡼 뵿ڵ ϰ ׵ Թ ϵ ϴ , װ ׵ ȭ ȸ   ߿ ǥ ϳٰ   ִ.
ں ù° ǥ ں  ذ  ϵ  뵿 ׵ ϴ ̾. ̸ 'ذ' ̴. ׸ װ 'ٷ'  'İ߱ٷ'  '뵿 '  Ǿ ߴ.(7)
ں ׵   · Ȯϰ ֱ ؼ  ַ ߰   Ű ߴµ,   Ȥ 𿡴 ̸ ''̶ ⸸ ̸ ٿ. ư ׵ 濵 Ȥ    ذ, ٷ ׸ İ߱ٷ  뵿    䱸Ͽ.
ʹ ذ  Ǿ     ȸ عߴ. ̰, ں  Ѿ, ľ  ߵ̾. ׸, 12 26  뵿  ȱι Ǿ ġ   г븦 ߽Ű鼭 ʸ 뵿 ľ  .
 ܿ ľ ѱ ں() ȭȭ   Ļ̾.  Ӹ ƴ϶ WTOü , °߱ⱸ(OECD)   ѱ  忡 ܱ ʱں ġϰ     Ǿ.
￡  ʱ ؼ  ٵ ڱ ǰ ΰ  ϴµ, װ 1)  ӱ  ϴ , Ȥ 2)   꼺   ٲٴ  ,    ؼ ϴ. ׷      ̳ 뷮ذ Ұϰ ϰ,     ϱ ؼ 'ٷ' 'İ߳뵿' 䱸Ѵ.
忡  ؼ ʿ 뵿 뷮ذ Ÿ ġ ں ں鿡 ־  ʿ   ƴϴ.

뵿ڿ ȭȭ

ںǿ ں  ,  ں ̰     Ұ ں  ߸  ѱ ȭϰ ִ.
ó 'ȭ ô', 'ȭ ȸ', 'ȭ ', Ȥ 'б' ں ڶ ̴. , װ͵  ں   ǥ ̿ ƹ͵ ƴϸ, ٸ   ̳ 밡  ̻  ʴ ο ȸ Ȥ  ձ   غϴ ̴.
ȭ   б 忡 ݷ  ǰ ְ,   ٽ б ؼ ȭǰ ִ. װ     ٽ  ǰ ϴ ̴. װ ӵ    ̴.
忡 ݷ ￡ ؼ ǰ ִ б 꿡  뵿  뵿 üϰ ְ, 뵿ڵ  κ  ڵȭ  ýۿ ؼ üϰ ִ.  뵿   뵿 ü Ȥ 'λ' ϴ б  巡 η  ձ  ̴.
, б  ں ؼ Ǿ  ؼ ̿Ǵ ںǿ б Ȥ  뵿   뵿 ü 뵿ڰ޿ ̴. 츮 ó  ϴ ó, 뷮Ǿ ϱ ̴.
ѱ ľ Ͽ,  ϰ ִ 뵿ڵ  ⺻ ׷ ӿ , ׸ ׷  ϴ ں鿡  ̴.
, 뵿ڵ ʻ ￡ ұϰ ں  ӵǴ    Ұ ̸,  뵿ڰ  ¸    ׸ Ұϰ 뵿ڰ  ڱϰ ȭų ̴. б , ȭ   ں  ؼ ƴ϶ ΰ ʿ並 ؼ ̿Ǵ ο ȸ  , װ̾߸ 츮 ־ ִ ̴.

ȭ 뵿

ó ߴ ȭ  ȭ ý 뵿  ȸ  ̿Ϸ  µ ￩  ִ.
̵  ý  ⺻ ں ؼ, ں  شȭϱ ؼ ߵǾ. ׸Ͽ װ͵, ٸ  Ӿ ߰ 뵿ڵ  ڱϸ鼭, ߰ 뵿ڵ ϰ ϰ ﴩ  ̿ǰ ִ.  ѱ ΰ ϰ ִ 'ֹī'      𸥴.
׷, ں ̵  ý 뵿ڰ޿ θ    ,  뵿ڰ Ӹ   ̵  ý ϰ ̿   . ̷ ǵ ̵  ý 뿡 Ͽ ο 뵿ڰ ￡ ׵ Ⱑ   ְ,  ǰ ִٴ  ǹѴ.
ͳݰ Ÿ  ؼ ￡ ʿ  ,  ȭϿ  , ׸   Ÿ Ȯϴ , ̷ ͵  ߿  ְ,  ε ȭǰ ִ. ں    а ˿̴.   Ƿ  ˿   󿡼 Ϲ̰, 'ȭ ȸ' ġ ѱ δ ֱ ѿ õ ڷᰡ ִٴ  1õ  ̻ Ȩ ִ  ˷ ִ 'geocities'   Ͽ. ̷ ˿ Ͽ װ غϴ  ο ȭ ȸ   ־ ϳ  ̴.
 ý ̿   ѷΰ  ں 뵿ڰް     · ġϰ ǰ ִ.


{ (1) Paul M. Sweezy, "More (or Less) On Globalization," Monthly Review, Vol. 49 No. 4, September 1997, p. 1.
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{{ (2) Gloria La Liva, "NAFTA, Poverty Behind Mexican Election Results", Workers World News Service (On-line edition), 1997. 7. 24; George Meyers, "We can't afford more NAFTA's", People's Weekly World (On-line edition), 1997. 9, 20.
}}
{{ (3) "NAFTA, the NAFTA index on Unemployment and its Threat to Organizing", in Labor Party, Labor Party Press (On-line edition), Vol. 2 No. 4, July 1997; ѱ뵿̷å, {忡 ̷}, 1997 8ȣ, p. 108 .
}}
{{ (4) George Meyers "We can't afford more NAFTA's", People's Weekly World (On-line edition), 1997. 9, 20   420,000 Ѵ´ٰ  ִ.
}}
{{ (5) George Meyers, "We can't afford more NAFTA's", People's Weekly World (On-line edition), 1997. 9, 20 .
}}
{{ (6) Į , {ں} 1 23 3.
}}
{{ (7) ȭ ȸ ̵ ٷ İ߱ٷ  ȭ ô  뵿 ϰ ִ.
}}
